PUBLIC HEALTH

Public health is the science which deals with the health of the overall people of certain community.The focus of a public health intervention is to prevent rather than treat a disease through surveillance of cases and the promotion of healthy behaviors. In addition to these activities, in many cases treating a disease can be vital to preventing its spread to others, such as during an outbreak of infectious disease or contamination of food or water supplies. Vaccination programs and distribution of condoms are examples of public health measures.
Public health plays an important role in disease prevention efforts in both the developing world and in developed countries, through local health systems and through international non-governmental organizations.Many diseases are preventable through simple, non-medical methods. For example, research has shown that the simple act of hand washing can prevent many contagious diseases.

There is a vast discrepancy in access to health care and public health initiatives between developed nations and developing nations. In the developing world, public health infrastructures are still forming. There may not be enough trained health workers or monetary resources to provide even a basic level of medical care and disease prevention.

Today, most governments recognize the importance of public health programs in reducing the incidence of disease, disability, and the effects of aging, although public health generally receives significantly less government funding compared with medicine. In recent years, public health programs providing vaccinations have made incredible strides in promoting health, including the eradication of smallpox, a disease that plagued humanity for thousands of years.

The overall objective of public health is to develop a realistic appreciation of the importance of emerging infectious disease to the future of international public health.It will introduce people some of the newest thinking in the field of emerging infections.

REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH

According to WHO reproductive health is defined as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, reproductive health, or sexual health/hygiene, addresses the reproductive processes, functions and system at all stages of life.In my view,reproductive health is that state an which people are able to have a responsible, satisfying and safer sex life and that they have the capability to reproduce and the freedom to decide if, when and how often to do so. Implicit in this are the right of men and women to be informed of and to have access to safe, effective, affordable and acceptable methods of fertility regulation of their choice, and the right of access to appropriate health care services that will enable women to go safely through pregnancy and childbirth and provide couples with the best chance of having a healthy infant.
Waiting until mother is at least 18 years old before trying to have children improves maternal and child health.If an additional child is desired, it is considered healthier for mother, as well as for the succeeding child, to wait at least 2 years after previous birth before attempting to conceive (but not more than 5 years).After a miscarriage or abortion, it is healthier to wait at least 6 months.
Reproductive health helps to reduce the maternal mortality rate as well as infant mortality rate. A reduction of maternal mortality rates and a narrowing of disparities in maternal mortality within countries and between geographical regions, socio-economic and ethnic groups.Everyone has the right to enjoy reproductive health,which is a basis for having healthy children, intimate relationships and happy families. Reproductive health teaches that every child is wanted, every birth is safe, every young person is free of HIV and every girl and woman is treated with dignity and respect. Reproductive health is the very essential part of human life.Everyone should get chance to get information about it.

HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS

Health care system is such a system which is targeted to meet the needs of people. There are a wide variety of health care systems around the world. In some countries, the health care system has evolved and has not been planned, whereas in others a concerted effort has been made by governments, trade unions, charities, religious, or other co-ordinated bodies to deliver planned health care services targeted to the populations they serve. However, health care planning has often been evolutionary. Mostly,it is done by health care providers.

Health care providers are trained professional people working self-employed or as an employee in an organization, whether a for-profit company, a not-for profit company, a government entity, or a charity. Organisations employing people providing health care are also known as health care providers. Examples are doctors and nurses, dentists etc.
Some special health care systems are:

1] Occupational safety and health
2] School health services
3] Military medicine etc.

There are generally five primary methods of funding health care systems:
1] direct or out-of-pocket payments,
2] general taxation,
3] social health insurance,
4] voluntary or private health insurance, and
5] donations or community health insurance

In this way health care system is done to enhance the health level of the people.

HEALTH AND ITS IMPORTANCE

As we know health is the most precious part of our life.We can consider health as a wealth.Because without health there is no existance of our life or we can say our life will be finished.Most of the people in our country are unknown about the need of healthy life.Even they know the importance but they are not caring it.It may be because of poverty as they have no money to get a hygienic food for themselves as well as their family.In the rural villages of our country maximum number of people are dying because of lack of awareness about the problems regarding health.

In my view,many people are facing such proplems because of superstitions.All respected people in our country are forcing us to believe that they have removed such bad culture but in fact they have done nothing.If the problems were solved by talking our country would be the palce lack of problems.Many of the people in rural areas are facing and suffering due to this.Women and girls are the centre point.

Many people are dying untimely because of these activities.Our life is at risk in this stage.Though it is 21st century bt it seems like stone age.We have knowledge but are not able to utilize it.And i think that knowledge which is of no use is a waste.So,we all people who are able to get proper education must consider ourselves as a lucky one and try to solve the problems.Only then the knowledge we get is fruitful.

HEALTH AND SANITATION

Health is the important aspect of the life of a human being.We can say it is a precious gift of all the people.So,we must try to take a good care or our health because to be healthy we all people should be aware about health.If a proper care is not done we cant imagine what will happen in future.Neither we can buy health nor we can steal.It as the thing obtained by our own effort.So,heath is priceless.If we are careless then we are force to accept burden that is DISEASE.

In our country Nepal most of the people are victim of different fatal diseases due to certain but common reasons such as:

1] lack of heath education and awareness

2] poverty
3] carelessness of people
4] lack of proper food i.e.balanced diet
5] unhygienic food
6] polluted environment and many more
There are lots of diseases from which almost 80% of nepalese are suffering.Some are fatal can take life such as cancer which is really dangerous and treatment is very rare,some are chronic which doesnt effect as fatal but stay together with a victim throughout the whole life.But it doesnt means that curing is not necessary.Victim should take a good care of himself or herself.For example,gastritis.And i am sure that about 95% of people are suffering from gastritis.And common disease like diarrhoea.It is the disease which is able to capture almost all the nepalese.If somebody hasn't suffer from diarrhoea we can think that god is blessing the person so still s/he is safe from it.
We all people know that health is important but we aren't being serious in the topic "HEALTH".Some of the important process from which we can prevent health problems are as follows:

1] Firstly,health education should be provided to those people who are still unknown about the importance of health in order to spread awareness.
2] Secondly,environment should be always kept cleen.Because,environment is deeply related with health.
3] Food to be taken should be hygeinic.
4] Water should be well purified before using it.
If these ideas are accepted in our daily life we can stay far from disease.So,health is wealth and we should always try to preserve it.

DISEASES IN NEPAL

Disease is that condition in which all the systems in our body fails to work.It is such a difficult situation in which a person feels uneasy during the whole period.Normally a person suffers from diseases due to their own carelessness.The major reasons from which people become a victim are as follows:
1]lack of awareness among people
2]unhygienic food
3]poverty
4]malnutrition
5]unhealthy lifestyle

HEALTH

Health is the general condition of a person in all aspects. It is also a level of functional and/or metabolic efficiency of an organism, often implicitly human.
At the time of the creation of the World Health Organization (WHO), in 1948, health was defined as being "a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity".

Only a handful of publications have focused specifically on the definition of health and its evolution in the first 6 decades. Some of them highlight its lack of operational value and the problem created by use of the word "complete." Others declare the definition, which has not been modified since 1948, "simply a bad one."

In 1986, the WHO, in the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, said that health is "a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living. Health is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities." Classification systems such as the WHO Family of International Classifications (WHO-FIC), which is composed of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) also define health.

Overall health is achieved through a combination of physical, mental, emotional, and social well-being, which, together is commonly referred to as the Health Triangle.